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年輕父母如何認(rèn)識青少年特發(fā)性脊柱側(cè)彎？

發(fā)表時間：2022-07-15 17:17:31

脊柱側(cè)彎的檢查

（一）體格檢查
1、前屈試驗是特發(fā)性脊柱側(cè)彎的重要檢查，囑患者站立，兩足并攏，膝伸直，腰前屈，雙手并齊，兩臂下垂，從前、后及側(cè)面觀察背部兩側(cè)是否有一側(cè)高，一側(cè)低和后凸或前凸畸形。用脊柱側(cè)凸尺測量不對稱的角度。

脊柱側(cè)彎檢測

病人站立位可以檢查有無軀干的傾斜，判斷脊柱的柔軟性，另外需要檢查雙肩、兩側(cè)髂嵴是否等高。當(dāng)有背疼存在時，要注意檢查疼痛的部位。
2、詳細(xì)的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)檢查，仔細(xì)檢查感覺、運動、肌力、肌張力和反射是否存在異常，是否有腹壁反射的減弱、消失與不對稱以及病理征。檢查皮膚有無牛奶咖啡斑，皮膚和關(guān)節(jié)有無過度的松弛，有無marfan氏綜合征的表現(xiàn)。神經(jīng)檢查有助于排除非特發(fā)性脊柱側(cè)彎如：先天性脊柱側(cè)彎，大腦性癱瘓，脊髓灰質(zhì)炎，脊柱裂，神經(jīng)纖維瘤病，marfan氏綜合征，ehlers-danlos綜合征，chiari畸形等引起的脊柱側(cè)彎。

① Cobb角<20°者可通過運動矯正并定期隨診復(fù)查
② Cobb角在25°~50°之間的脊柱側(cè)彎應(yīng)行矯形器治療
③ Cobb角大于50°應(yīng)采取手術(shù)治療

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